<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" class="svg no-js">
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8" />
    <!--[if IE ]>
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge,chrome=1" />
    <![endif]-->
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
        <meta name="Language" content="en">

    <title>MySQL :: MySQL 8.0 Reference Manual :: 4.3.4 mysqld_multi — Manage Multiple MySQL Servers</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="css/main-20190125.min.css" />
            <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="css/docs-20190125.min.css" />
    
    
    <link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="css/print-20190125.min.css" />

    
    
    
    
            <link rel="contents" href="index.html" title="MySQL 8.0 Reference Manual" />
<link rel="start" href="index.html" title="MySQL 8.0 Reference Manual" />
<link rel="prev" href="mysql-server.html" title="4.3.3 mysql.server &mdash; MySQL Server Startup Script" />
<link rel="next" href="programs-installation.html?ff=nopfpls" title="4.4 MySQL Installation-Related Programs" />
<link rel="up" href="programs-server.html" title="4.3 MySQL Server and Server-Startup Programs" />

    
    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="favicon.ico" />
    <script>(function(H){ H.className=H.className.replace(/\bno-js\b/,'js') })(document.documentElement)</script>
    <script src="js/site-20181120.min.js"></script>

    
    
    
    <!--[if lt IE 9]>
        <script src="https://labs.mysql.com/common/js/polyfills/html5shiv-printshiv-3.7.2.min.js"></script>
        <script src="https://labs.mysql.com/common/js/polyfills/respond-1.4.2.min.js"></script>
    <![endif]-->
        <!--[if IE 9]>
        <style>#docs-sidebar-toc { box-sizing: content-box; }</style>
    <![endif]-->
    </head>

<body class="no-sidebar full-page dev">
<div class="page-wrapper">
    <header>

                        <a href="https://dev.mysql.com/" aria-label="Home" title="MySQL" id="l1-home-link"></a>
        
        <div id="l1-nav-container">
            <div id="l1-line1">
                <div id="l1-auth-links">
                    <a href="https://www.mysql.com/about/contact/"><b>Contact MySQL</b></a>
                    <span id="l1-contact-separator">&nbsp;|&nbsp;</span>
                    <span id="l1-contact-separator-br"><br /></span>
                                             <a href="https://dev.mysql.com/auth/login/?dest=https%3A%2F%2Fdev.mysql.com%2Fdoc%2Frefman%2F8.0%2Fen%2Fmysqld-multi.html">Login</a> &nbsp;|&nbsp;
                         <a href="https://dev.mysql.com/auth/register/">Register</a>
                                    </div>
                <div id="l1-lhs">
                    <div id="l1-slogan">
                        The world's most popular open source database
                    </div>
                    <div id="l1-search-box">
                        <form id="l1-search-form" method="get" action="https://www.oracle.com/search/results">
                        <input type="hidden" name="cat" value="mysql" />
                        <input type="hidden" name="Ntk" value="SI-ALL5" />
                        <input id="l1-search-input" type="search" class="icon-search" placeholder="Search" aria-label="Search" name="Ntt" />
                        </form>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div id="l1-line2">
                <div class="social-icons">
                    <a aria-label="Join us on Facebook" title="Join us on Facebook" href="http://www.facebook.com/mysql"><span class="icon-facebook"></span></a>
                    <a aria-label="Follow us on Twitter" title="Follow us on Twitter" href="https://twitter.com/mysql"><span class="icon-twitter"></span></a>
                    <a aria-label="Follow us on LinkedIn" title="Follow us on LinkedIn" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/mysql"><span class="icon-linkedin"></span></a>
                    <a aria-label="Visit our YouTube channel" title="Visit our YouTube channel" href="http://www.youtube.com/mysqlchannel"><span class="icon-youtube"></span></a>
                </div>
                <ul id="l1-nav">
                    <li>
                        <a href="https://www.mysql.com/"><!-- <span class="icon-sakila"></span>  -->MySQL.com</a>
                    </li><li>
                        <a href="https://www.mysql.com/downloads/"><!-- <span class="icon-download-thin"></span>  -->Downloads</a>
                    </li><li class="active">
                        <a href="/doc/"><!-- <span class="icon-books"></span>  -->Documentation</a>
                    </li><li>
                        <a href="/"><!-- <span class="icon-code"></span>  -->Developer Zone</a>
                    </li>                </ul>
            </div>
        </div>
        <div id="sub-header">
            <div id="l2-nav-container">
                <div id="l2-nav-toggle">
                    <span class="icon-three-bars"></span>
                </div>
                                                                                        <a class="button nav-button-3" href="/"><span class="icon-code"></span> Developer Zone</a>
                                                                                                                                    <a class="button nav-button-2" href="https://www.mysql.com/downloads/"><span class="icon-download-thin"></span> Downloads</a>
                                                                                                <a class="button nav-button-1" href="https://www.mysql.com/"><span class="icon-sakila"></span> MySQL.com</a>
                                                                        <div id="l2-search-toggle">
                    <span class="icon-search"></span>
                </div>
                <div id="l2-site-icon">
                                                                                                                                                                                                    <span class="icon-books"></span>
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        </div>
                <div id="l1-section-title">
                    <span id="l1-section-label">
                        <a href="/doc/">Documentation</a>
                    </span>
                </div>
                <nav>
                    

<ul id="l2-nav">
            	<li class="active"><a class="active " href="/doc/refman/en/">MySQL Server</a>
    			</li>
	        	<li class=""><a  href="/doc/index-enterprise.html">MySQL Enterprise</a>
    			</li>
	        	<li class=""><a  href="/doc/workbench/en/">Workbench</a>
    			</li>
	        	<li class=""><a  href="/doc/en/mysql-innodb-cluster-userguide.html">InnoDB Cluster</a>
    			</li>
	        	<li class=""><a  href="/doc/index-cluster.html">MySQL NDB Cluster</a>
    			</li>
	        	<li class=""><a  href="/doc/index-connectors.html">Connectors</a>
    			</li>
	        	<li class=" last"><a  href="/doc/index-other.html">More</a>
    			</li>
	                        <li class="other-section"><a href="https://www.mysql.com/">MySQL.com</a></li>
                            <li class="other-section"><a href="https://www.mysql.com/downloads/">Downloads</a></li>
                                        <li class="other-section"><a href="/">Developer Zone</a></li>
            </ul>
                </nav>
            </div>
            <div id="l3-search-container"></div>
            <div id="top-orange"><span id="section-nav">Section Menu: &nbsp; </span></div>
        </div>
    </header>
        <div id="page">
                        <div role="main" id="main">

            
                
            
<div>
    <div id="docs-sidebar-toc" class="">
    <div id="docs-toc-inner">
        <div class="docs-sidebar-header" id="docs-nav-header">
            <a class="docs-show-hide-nav" id="docs-hide-nav" href="" title="Hide Sidebar" aria-label="Hide Sidebar"><span class="icon-arrow-small-left"></span></a>
            <div class="docs-nav-links">
                                    
    <a href="mysql-server.html"
        aria-label="Previous" title="Previous: mysql.server — MySQL Server Startup Script"><span
        class="icon-chevron-left"></span></a>
<a href="index.html" aria-label="Start" title="Start"><span class="icon-book-open"></span></a>
        <a aria-label="Up" href="programs-server.html" title="Up: MySQL Server and Server-Startup Programs"><span class="icon-chevron-up"></span></a>
    <a href="programs-installation.html" aria-label="Next"
        title="Next: MySQL Installation-Related Programs"><span
        class="icon-chevron-right"></span></a>
                            </div>
        </div>
                    
<div id="docs-sidebar-search-container">
    <div id="docs-sidebar-search-box">
        <form method="get" action="/mysql-manual/search-page">
            <input type="hidden" name="d" id="d" value="201" />
            <input type="hidden" name="p" id="p" value="1" />
            <input type="text" name="keyword" id="q" title="Search this Manual"
                value=""
                style="color: #bbb;"
                onfocus=""
                onblur="" />

            <button class="docs-sidebar-search-btn" aria-label="Search" title="Search" type="submit">
                <span class="icon-search"></span>
            </button>
        </form>
    </div>
</div>
                <div class="docs-sidebar-nav">
            <a class="docs-icon-home" href="/doc/"><span class="icon-home"></span>Documentation Home</a><hr />
            <div class="docs-sidebar-mtitle">MySQL 8.0 Reference Manual</div>
            <nav class="doctoc" id="doc-201">
                                    
    <ul>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><span class="icon-dot"></span></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="preface.html">Preface and Legal Notices</a></div></div>                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><a class="expandable " aria-label="Subnav" href=""><span class="icon-chevron-right"></span></a></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="introduction.html">General Information</a></div></div>                        <div class="docs-submenu hidden">
                            </div>
                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><a class="expandable " aria-label="Subnav" href=""><span class="icon-chevron-right"></span></a></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="installing.html">Installing and Upgrading MySQL</a></div></div>                        <div class="docs-submenu hidden">
                            </div>
                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><a class="expandable " aria-label="Subnav" href=""><span class="icon-chevron-right"></span></a></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="tutorial.html">Tutorial</a></div></div>                        <div class="docs-submenu hidden">
                            </div>
                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><a class="expandable  loaded" aria-label="Subnav" href=""><span class="icon-chevron-down"></span></a></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="programs.html">MySQL Programs</a></div></div>                        <div class="docs-submenu">
                                    
    <ul>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><span class="icon-dot"></span></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="programs-overview.html">Overview of MySQL Programs</a></div></div>                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><a class="expandable  loaded" aria-label="Subnav" href=""><span class="icon-chevron-right"></span></a></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="programs-using.html">Using MySQL Programs</a></div></div>                        <div class="docs-submenu hidden">
                                    
    <ul>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><span class="icon-dot"></span></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="invoking-programs.html">Invoking MySQL Programs</a></div></div>                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><a class="expandable  loaded" aria-label="Subnav" href=""><span class="icon-chevron-right"></span></a></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="program-options.html">Specifying Program Options</a></div></div>                        <div class="docs-submenu hidden">
                                    
    <ul>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><span class="icon-dot"></span></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="command-line-options.html">Using Options on the Command Line</a></div></div>                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><span class="icon-dot"></span></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="option-files.html">Using Option Files</a></div></div>                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><span class="icon-dot"></span></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="option-file-options.html">Command-Line Options that Affect Option-File Handling</a></div></div>                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><span class="icon-dot"></span></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="option-modifiers.html">Program Option Modifiers</a></div></div>                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><span class="icon-dot"></span></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="program-variables.html">Using Options to Set Program Variables</a></div></div>                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><span class="icon-dot"></span></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="option-defaults-equals.html">Option Defaults, Options Expecting Values, and the = Sign</a></div></div>                    </li>
        </ul>
                            </div>
                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><span class="icon-dot"></span></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="connection-options.html">Command Options for Connecting to the Server</a></div></div>                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><span class="icon-dot"></span></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="connecting.html">Connecting to the MySQL Server Using Command Options</a></div></div>                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><span class="icon-dot"></span></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="connecting-using-uri-or-key-value-pairs.html">Connecting to the Server Using URI-Like Strings or Key-Value Pairs</a></div></div>                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><span class="icon-dot"></span></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="connection-compression-control.html">Connection Compression Control</a></div></div>                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><span class="icon-dot"></span></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="setting-environment-variables.html">Setting Environment Variables</a></div></div>                    </li>
        </ul>
                            </div>
                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><a class="expandable  loaded" aria-label="Subnav" href=""><span class="icon-chevron-down"></span></a></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="programs-server.html">MySQL Server and Server-Startup Programs</a></div></div>                        <div class="docs-submenu">
                                    
    <ul>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><span class="icon-dot"></span></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="mysqld.html">mysqld — The MySQL Server</a></div></div>                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><span class="icon-dot"></span></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="mysqld-safe.html">mysqld_safe — MySQL Server Startup Script</a></div></div>                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><span class="icon-dot"></span></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="mysql-server.html">mysql.server — MySQL Server Startup Script</a></div></div>                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><span class="icon-dot"></span></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link current"><a href="mysqld-multi.html">mysqld_multi — Manage Multiple MySQL Servers</a></div></div>                    </li>
        </ul>
                            </div>
                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><a class="expandable  loaded" aria-label="Subnav" href=""><span class="icon-chevron-right"></span></a></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="programs-installation.html">MySQL Installation-Related Programs</a></div></div>                        <div class="docs-submenu hidden">
                                    
    <ul>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><span class="icon-dot"></span></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="comp-err.html">comp_err — Compile MySQL Error Message File</a></div></div>                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><span class="icon-dot"></span></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="mysql-secure-installation.html">mysql_secure_installation — Improve MySQL Installation Security</a></div></div>                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><span class="icon-dot"></span></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="mysql-ssl-rsa-setup.html">mysql_ssl_rsa_setup — Create SSL/RSA Files</a></div></div>                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><span class="icon-dot"></span></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="mysql-tzinfo-to-sql.html">mysql_tzinfo_to_sql — Load the Time Zone Tables</a></div></div>                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><span class="icon-dot"></span></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="mysql-upgrade.html">mysql_upgrade — Check and Upgrade MySQL Tables</a></div></div>                    </li>
        </ul>
                            </div>
                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><a class="expandable  loaded" aria-label="Subnav" href=""><span class="icon-chevron-right"></span></a></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="programs-client.html">MySQL Client Programs</a></div></div>                        <div class="docs-submenu hidden">
                                    
    <ul>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><a class="expandable  loaded" aria-label="Subnav" href=""><span class="icon-chevron-right"></span></a></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="mysql.html">mysql — The MySQL Command-Line Client</a></div></div>                        <div class="docs-submenu hidden">
                                    
    <ul>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><span class="icon-dot"></span></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="mysql-command-options.html">mysql Client Options</a></div></div>                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><span class="icon-dot"></span></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="mysql-commands.html">mysql Client Commands</a></div></div>                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><span class="icon-dot"></span></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="mysql-logging.html">mysql Client Logging</a></div></div>                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><span class="icon-dot"></span></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="mysql-server-side-help.html">mysql Client Server-Side Help</a></div></div>                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><span class="icon-dot"></span></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="mysql-batch-commands.html">Executing SQL Statements from a Text File</a></div></div>                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><span class="icon-dot"></span></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="mysql-tips.html">mysql Client Tips</a></div></div>                    </li>
        </ul>
                            </div>
                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><span class="icon-dot"></span></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="mysqladmin.html">mysqladmin — Client for Administering a MySQL Server</a></div></div>                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><span class="icon-dot"></span></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="mysqlcheck.html">mysqlcheck — A Table Maintenance Program</a></div></div>                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><span class="icon-dot"></span></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="mysqldump.html">mysqldump — A Database Backup Program</a></div></div>                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><span class="icon-dot"></span></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="mysqlimport.html">mysqlimport — A Data Import Program</a></div></div>                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><span class="icon-dot"></span></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="mysqlpump.html">mysqlpump — A Database Backup Program</a></div></div>                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><span class="icon-dot"></span></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="mysqlshow.html">mysqlshow — Display Database, Table, and Column Information</a></div></div>                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><span class="icon-dot"></span></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="mysqlslap.html">mysqlslap — Load Emulation Client</a></div></div>                    </li>
        </ul>
                            </div>
                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><a class="expandable  loaded" aria-label="Subnav" href=""><span class="icon-chevron-right"></span></a></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="programs-admin-utils.html">MySQL Administrative and Utility Programs</a></div></div>                        <div class="docs-submenu hidden">
                                    
    <ul>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><span class="icon-dot"></span></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="ibd2sdi.html">ibd2sdi — InnoDB Tablespace SDI Extraction Utility</a></div></div>                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><span class="icon-dot"></span></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="innochecksum.html">innochecksum — Offline InnoDB File Checksum Utility</a></div></div>                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><span class="icon-dot"></span></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="myisam-ftdump.html">myisam_ftdump — Display Full-Text Index information</a></div></div>                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><a class="expandable  loaded" aria-label="Subnav" href=""><span class="icon-chevron-right"></span></a></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="myisamchk.html">myisamchk — MyISAM Table-Maintenance Utility</a></div></div>                        <div class="docs-submenu hidden">
                                    
    <ul>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><span class="icon-dot"></span></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="myisamchk-general-options.html">myisamchk General Options</a></div></div>                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><span class="icon-dot"></span></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="myisamchk-check-options.html">myisamchk Check Options</a></div></div>                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><span class="icon-dot"></span></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="myisamchk-repair-options.html">myisamchk Repair Options</a></div></div>                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><span class="icon-dot"></span></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="myisamchk-other-options.html">Other myisamchk Options</a></div></div>                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><span class="icon-dot"></span></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="myisamchk-table-info.html">Obtaining Table Information with myisamchk</a></div></div>                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><span class="icon-dot"></span></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="myisamchk-memory.html">myisamchk Memory Usage</a></div></div>                    </li>
        </ul>
                            </div>
                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><span class="icon-dot"></span></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="myisamlog.html">myisamlog — Display MyISAM Log File Contents</a></div></div>                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><span class="icon-dot"></span></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="myisampack.html">myisampack — Generate Compressed, Read-Only MyISAM Tables</a></div></div>                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><span class="icon-dot"></span></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="mysql-config-editor.html">mysql_config_editor — MySQL Configuration Utility</a></div></div>                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><a class="expandable  loaded" aria-label="Subnav" href=""><span class="icon-chevron-right"></span></a></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="mysqlbinlog.html">mysqlbinlog — Utility for Processing Binary Log Files</a></div></div>                        <div class="docs-submenu hidden">
                                    
    <ul>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><span class="icon-dot"></span></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="mysqlbinlog-hexdump.html">mysqlbinlog Hex Dump Format</a></div></div>                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><span class="icon-dot"></span></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="mysqlbinlog-row-events.html">mysqlbinlog Row Event Display</a></div></div>                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><span class="icon-dot"></span></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="mysqlbinlog-backup.html">Using mysqlbinlog to Back Up Binary Log Files</a></div></div>                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><span class="icon-dot"></span></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="mysqlbinlog-server-id.html">Specifying the mysqlbinlog Server ID</a></div></div>                    </li>
        </ul>
                            </div>
                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><span class="icon-dot"></span></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="mysqldumpslow.html">mysqldumpslow — Summarize Slow Query Log Files</a></div></div>                    </li>
        </ul>
                            </div>
                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><a class="expandable  loaded" aria-label="Subnav" href=""><span class="icon-chevron-right"></span></a></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="programs-development.html">MySQL Program Development Utilities</a></div></div>                        <div class="docs-submenu hidden">
                                    
    <ul>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><span class="icon-dot"></span></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="mysql-config.html">mysql_config — Display Options for Compiling Clients</a></div></div>                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><span class="icon-dot"></span></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="my-print-defaults.html">my_print_defaults — Display Options from Option Files</a></div></div>                    </li>
        </ul>
                            </div>
                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><a class="expandable  loaded" aria-label="Subnav" href=""><span class="icon-chevron-right"></span></a></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="programs-miscellaneous.html">Miscellaneous Programs</a></div></div>                        <div class="docs-submenu hidden">
                                    
    <ul>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><span class="icon-dot"></span></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="lz4-decompress.html">lz4_decompress — Decompress mysqlpump LZ4-Compressed Output</a></div></div>                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><span class="icon-dot"></span></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="perror.html">perror — Display MySQL Error Message Information</a></div></div>                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><span class="icon-dot"></span></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="zlib-decompress.html">zlib_decompress — Decompress mysqlpump ZLIB-Compressed Output</a></div></div>                    </li>
        </ul>
                            </div>
                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><span class="icon-dot"></span></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="environment-variables.html">MySQL Environment Variables</a></div></div>                    </li>
        </ul>
                            </div>
                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><a class="expandable " aria-label="Subnav" href=""><span class="icon-chevron-right"></span></a></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="server-administration.html">MySQL Server Administration</a></div></div>                        <div class="docs-submenu hidden">
                            </div>
                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><a class="expandable " aria-label="Subnav" href=""><span class="icon-chevron-right"></span></a></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="security.html">Security</a></div></div>                        <div class="docs-submenu hidden">
                            </div>
                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><a class="expandable " aria-label="Subnav" href=""><span class="icon-chevron-right"></span></a></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="backup-and-recovery.html">Backup and Recovery</a></div></div>                        <div class="docs-submenu hidden">
                            </div>
                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><a class="expandable " aria-label="Subnav" href=""><span class="icon-chevron-right"></span></a></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="optimization.html">Optimization</a></div></div>                        <div class="docs-submenu hidden">
                            </div>
                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><a class="expandable " aria-label="Subnav" href=""><span class="icon-chevron-right"></span></a></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="language-structure.html">Language Structure</a></div></div>                        <div class="docs-submenu hidden">
                            </div>
                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><a class="expandable " aria-label="Subnav" href=""><span class="icon-chevron-right"></span></a></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="charset.html">Character Sets, Collations, Unicode</a></div></div>                        <div class="docs-submenu hidden">
                            </div>
                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><a class="expandable " aria-label="Subnav" href=""><span class="icon-chevron-right"></span></a></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="data-types.html">Data Types</a></div></div>                        <div class="docs-submenu hidden">
                            </div>
                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><a class="expandable " aria-label="Subnav" href=""><span class="icon-chevron-right"></span></a></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="functions.html">Functions and Operators</a></div></div>                        <div class="docs-submenu hidden">
                            </div>
                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><a class="expandable " aria-label="Subnav" href=""><span class="icon-chevron-right"></span></a></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="sql-syntax.html">SQL Statement Syntax</a></div></div>                        <div class="docs-submenu hidden">
                            </div>
                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><a class="expandable " aria-label="Subnav" href=""><span class="icon-chevron-right"></span></a></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="data-dictionary.html">MySQL Data Dictionary</a></div></div>                        <div class="docs-submenu hidden">
                            </div>
                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><a class="expandable " aria-label="Subnav" href=""><span class="icon-chevron-right"></span></a></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="innodb-storage-engine.html">The InnoDB Storage Engine</a></div></div>                        <div class="docs-submenu hidden">
                            </div>
                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><a class="expandable " aria-label="Subnav" href=""><span class="icon-chevron-right"></span></a></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="storage-engines.html">Alternative Storage Engines</a></div></div>                        <div class="docs-submenu hidden">
                            </div>
                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><a class="expandable " aria-label="Subnav" href=""><span class="icon-chevron-right"></span></a></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="replication.html">Replication</a></div></div>                        <div class="docs-submenu hidden">
                            </div>
                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><a class="expandable " aria-label="Subnav" href=""><span class="icon-chevron-right"></span></a></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="group-replication.html">Group Replication</a></div></div>                        <div class="docs-submenu hidden">
                            </div>
                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><span class="icon-dot"></span></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="mysql-shell-userguide.html">MySQL Shell</a></div></div>                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><a class="expandable " aria-label="Subnav" href=""><span class="icon-chevron-right"></span></a></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="document-store.html">Using MySQL as a Document Store</a></div></div>                        <div class="docs-submenu hidden">
                            </div>
                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><a class="expandable " aria-label="Subnav" href=""><span class="icon-chevron-right"></span></a></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="mysql-innodb-cluster-userguide.html">InnoDB Cluster</a></div></div>                        <div class="docs-submenu hidden">
                            </div>
                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><a class="expandable " aria-label="Subnav" href=""><span class="icon-chevron-right"></span></a></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="mysql-cluster.html">MySQL NDB Cluster 8.0</a></div></div>                        <div class="docs-submenu hidden">
                            </div>
                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><a class="expandable " aria-label="Subnav" href=""><span class="icon-chevron-right"></span></a></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="partitioning.html">Partitioning</a></div></div>                        <div class="docs-submenu hidden">
                            </div>
                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><a class="expandable " aria-label="Subnav" href=""><span class="icon-chevron-right"></span></a></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="stored-objects.html">Stored Objects</a></div></div>                        <div class="docs-submenu hidden">
                            </div>
                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><a class="expandable " aria-label="Subnav" href=""><span class="icon-chevron-right"></span></a></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="information-schema.html">INFORMATION_SCHEMA Tables</a></div></div>                        <div class="docs-submenu hidden">
                            </div>
                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><a class="expandable " aria-label="Subnav" href=""><span class="icon-chevron-right"></span></a></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="performance-schema.html">MySQL Performance Schema</a></div></div>                        <div class="docs-submenu hidden">
                            </div>
                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><a class="expandable " aria-label="Subnav" href=""><span class="icon-chevron-right"></span></a></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="sys-schema.html">MySQL sys Schema</a></div></div>                        <div class="docs-submenu hidden">
                            </div>
                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><a class="expandable " aria-label="Subnav" href=""><span class="icon-chevron-right"></span></a></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="connectors-apis.html">Connectors and APIs</a></div></div>                        <div class="docs-submenu hidden">
                            </div>
                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><a class="expandable " aria-label="Subnav" href=""><span class="icon-chevron-right"></span></a></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="extending-mysql.html">Extending MySQL</a></div></div>                        <div class="docs-submenu hidden">
                            </div>
                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><a class="expandable " aria-label="Subnav" href=""><span class="icon-chevron-right"></span></a></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="mysql-enterprise.html">MySQL Enterprise Edition</a></div></div>                        <div class="docs-submenu hidden">
                            </div>
                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><span class="icon-dot"></span></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="workbench.html">MySQL Workbench</a></div></div>                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><a class="expandable " aria-label="Subnav" href=""><span class="icon-chevron-right"></span></a></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="faqs.html">MySQL 8.0 Frequently Asked Questions</a></div></div>                        <div class="docs-submenu hidden">
                            </div>
                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><a class="expandable " aria-label="Subnav" href=""><span class="icon-chevron-right"></span></a></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="error-handling.html">Errors, Error Codes, and Common Problems</a></div></div>                        <div class="docs-submenu hidden">
                            </div>
                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><a class="expandable " aria-label="Subnav" href=""><span class="icon-chevron-right"></span></a></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="restrictions.html">Restrictions and Limits</a></div></div>                        <div class="docs-submenu hidden">
                            </div>
                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><a class="expandable " aria-label="Subnav" href=""><span class="icon-chevron-right"></span></a></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="indexes.html">Indexes</a></div></div>                        <div class="docs-submenu hidden">
                            </div>
                    </li>
            <li>
            <div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-icon"><span class="icon-dot"></span></div><div class="docs-sidebar-nav-link"><a href="glossary.html">MySQL Glossary</a></div></div>                    </li>
        </ul>
                            </nav>
        </div>

        
<a class="docs-sidebar-section" href=""><span class="icon-related"></span>
    <span class="text">Related Documentation</span></a>
<div class="docs-sidebar-accordian open">
    <div class="text">
        <a href="/doc/relnotes/mysql/8.0/en/">MySQL 8.0 Release Notes</a><br />
        <a href="/doc/dev/mysql-server/latest/">MySQL 8.0 Source Code Documentation</a><br />
        </div>
</div>

    <a class="docs-sidebar-section" href=""><span class="icon-download-thin"></span>
        <span class="text">
            Download
                            this Manual
                    </span>
    </a>
    <div class="docs-sidebar-accordian open">
        <div class="text">
                        <a href="https://downloads.mysql.com/docs/refman-8.0-en.pdf">PDF (US Ltr)</a>
            - 46.1Mb<br />
                        <a href="https://downloads.mysql.com/docs/refman-8.0-en.a4.pdf">PDF (A4)</a>
            - 46.1Mb<br />
                        <a href="https://downloads.mysql.com/docs/mysql-ref-manual-8.0-en-pdf-1-20190611.noarch.rpm">PDF (RPM)</a>
            - 41.5Mb<br />
                        <a href="https://downloads.mysql.com/docs/refman-8.0-en.html-chapter.tar.gz">HTML Download (TGZ)</a>
            - 10.6Mb<br />
                        <a href="https://downloads.mysql.com/docs/refman-8.0-en.html-chapter.zip">HTML Download (Zip)</a>
            - 10.6Mb<br />
                        <a href="https://downloads.mysql.com/docs/mysql-ref-manual-8.0-en-html-chapter-1-20190611.noarch.rpm">HTML Download (RPM)</a>
            - 9.1Mb<br />
                        <a href="https://downloads.mysql.com/docs/refman-8.0-en.man-gpl.tar.gz">Man Pages (TGZ)</a>
            - 220.4Kb<br />
                        <a href="https://downloads.mysql.com/docs/refman-8.0-en.man-gpl.zip">Man Pages (Zip)</a>
            - 325.8Kb<br />
                        <a href="https://downloads.mysql.com/docs/mysql-8.0.info.gz">Info (Gzip)</a>
            - 4.1Mb<br />
                        <a href="https://downloads.mysql.com/docs/mysql-8.0.info.zip">Info (Zip)</a>
            - 4.1Mb<br />
                    </div>
    </div>

<a class="docs-sidebar-section" href=""><span class="icon-book"></span>
    <span class="text">Excerpts from this Manual</span></a>
<div class="docs-sidebar-accordian">
    <div class="text">
                <a href="/doc/mysql-backup-excerpt/8.0/en/">MySQL Backup and Recovery</a><br />
                <a href="/doc/mysql-g11n-excerpt/8.0/en/">MySQL Globalization</a><br />
                <a href="/doc/mysql-infoschema-excerpt/8.0/en/">MySQL Information Schema</a><br />
                <a href="/doc/mysql-installation-excerpt/8.0/en/">MySQL Installation Guide</a><br />
                <a href="/doc/mysql-security-excerpt/8.0/en/">Security in MySQL</a><br />
                <a href="/doc/mysql-startstop-excerpt/8.0/en/">Starting and Stopping MySQL</a><br />
                <a href="/doc/mysql-linuxunix-excerpt/8.0/en/">MySQL and Linux/Unix</a><br />
                <a href="/doc/mysql-windows-excerpt/8.0/en/">MySQL and Windows</a><br />
                <a href="/doc/mysql-osx-excerpt/8.0/en/">MySQL and OS X</a><br />
                <a href="/doc/mysql-solaris-excerpt/8.0/en/">MySQL and Solaris</a><br />
                <a href="/doc/mysql-sourcebuild-excerpt/8.0/en/">Building MySQL from Source</a><br />
                <a href="/doc/mysql-reslimits-excerpt/8.0/en/">MySQL Restrictions and Limitations</a><br />
                <a href="/doc/mysql-partitioning-excerpt/8.0/en/">MySQL Partitioning</a><br />
                <a href="/doc/mysql-secure-deployment-guide/8.0/en/">MySQL Secure Deployment Guide</a><br />
                <a href="/doc/mysql-tutorial-excerpt/8.0/en/">MySQL Tutorial</a><br />
                <a href="/doc/mysql-perfschema-excerpt/8.0/en/">MySQL Performance Schema</a><br />
                <a href="/doc/mysql-replication-excerpt/8.0/en/">MySQL Replication</a><br />
                <a href="/doc/mysql-repo-excerpt/8.0/en/">Using the MySQL Yum Repository</a><br />
            </div>
</div>

        <br /><span id="wkr"><br /></span>
    </div>
    </div>

    <div id="docs-main" class="has-toc">
    <div id="docs-main-inner">

                <div class="right" id="docs-version-nav">
            <a href="" id="docs-version-nav-toggle">version 8.0
            <span class="icon-chevron-down"></span></a>
            <div id="docs-version-list">
                                                                                            <a                         href="/doc/refman/5.7/en/mysqld-multi.html">
                        5.7
                                            </a><br />
                                                                            <a                         href="/doc/refman/5.6/en/mysqld-multi.html">
                        5.6
                                            </a><br />
                                                                            <a                         href="/doc/refman/5.5/en/mysqld-multi.html">
                        5.5
                                            </a><br />
                                                                        <div id="docs-version-nav-lang">
                                                                                                                                                    <a                                     href="/doc/refman/5.6/ja/mysqld-multi.html">
                                    5.6&nbsp;
                                                                            Japanese
                                                                    </a><br />
                                                                                            </div>
                            </div>
        </div>
        
        <div id="docs-show-nav" class="left hidden" style="margin-right: 15px;">
            <a class="docs-show-hide-nav" href="" aria-label="Show Sidebar"
                title="Show Sidebar"><span class="icon-arrow-small-right"></span></a>
        </div>

                        <div id="docs-breadcrumbs">
            <a href="/doc/refman/8.0/en/">MySQL 8.0 Reference Manual</a> &nbsp;/&nbsp;
                            <span id="breadcrumbs-link"><a href="" id="show-breadcrumbs">...</a> &nbsp;/&nbsp;</span>
                <span class="hidden" id="hidden-breadcrumbs">
                                                        <a href="programs.html">MySQL Programs</a> &nbsp;/&nbsp;
                                                            <a href="programs-server.html">MySQL Server and Server-Startup Programs</a> &nbsp;/&nbsp;
                                                                                        </span>
                                        mysqld_multi — Manage Multiple MySQL Servers
                                    </div>
        
        <div id="docs-body">
        
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h3 class="title"><a name="mysqld-multi"></a>4.3.4 <span class="command"><strong>mysqld_multi</strong></span> — Manage Multiple MySQL Servers</h3>

</div>

</div>

</div>
<a class="indexterm" name="idm139663291670144"></a><a class="indexterm" name="idm139663291669200"></a><a class="indexterm" name="idm139663291667840"></a><a class="indexterm" name="idm139663291666896"></a><p>
        <a class="link" href="mysqld-multi.html" title="4.3.4 mysqld_multi — Manage Multiple MySQL Servers"><span class="command"><strong>mysqld_multi</strong></span></a> is designed to manage several
        <a class="link" href="mysqld.html" title="4.3.1 mysqld — The MySQL Server"><span class="command"><strong>mysqld</strong></span></a> processes that listen for connections
        on different Unix socket files and TCP/IP ports. It can start or
        stop servers, or report their current status.
</p>
<div class="note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">

<div class="admon-title">
Note
</div>
<p>
          For some Linux platforms, MySQL installation from RPM or
          Debian packages includes systemd support for managing MySQL
          server startup and shutdown. On these platforms,
          <a class="link" href="mysqld-multi.html" title="4.3.4 mysqld_multi — Manage Multiple MySQL Servers"><span class="command"><strong>mysqld_multi</strong></span></a> is not installed because it is
          unnecessary. For information about using systemd to handle
          multiple MySQL instances, see <a class="xref" href="using-systemd.html" title="2.5.9 Managing MySQL Server with systemd">Section 2.5.9, “Managing MySQL Server with systemd”</a>.
</p>
</div>
<p>
        <a class="link" href="mysqld-multi.html" title="4.3.4 mysqld_multi — Manage Multiple MySQL Servers"><span class="command"><strong>mysqld_multi</strong></span></a> searches for groups named
        <code class="literal">[mysqld<em class="replaceable"><code>N</code></em>]</code> in
        <code class="filename">my.cnf</code> (or in the file named by the
        <a class="link" href="mysqld-multi.html#option_mysqld_multi_defaults-file"><code class="option">--defaults-file</code></a> option).
        <em class="replaceable"><code>N</code></em> can be any positive integer. This
        number is referred to in the following discussion as the option
        group number, or <em class="replaceable"><code>GNR</code></em>. Group numbers
        distinguish option groups from one another and are used as
        arguments to <a class="link" href="mysqld-multi.html" title="4.3.4 mysqld_multi — Manage Multiple MySQL Servers"><span class="command"><strong>mysqld_multi</strong></span></a> to specify which
        servers you want to start, stop, or obtain a status report for.
        Options listed in these groups are the same that you would use
        in the <code class="literal">[mysqld]</code> group used for starting
        <a class="link" href="mysqld.html" title="4.3.1 mysqld — The MySQL Server"><span class="command"><strong>mysqld</strong></span></a>. (See, for example,
        <a class="xref" href="automatic-start.html" title="2.10.5 Starting and Stopping MySQL Automatically">Section 2.10.5, “Starting and Stopping MySQL Automatically”</a>.) However, when using multiple
        servers, it is necessary that each one use its own value for
        options such as the Unix socket file and TCP/IP port number. For
        more information on which options must be unique per server in a
        multiple-server environment, see
        <a class="xref" href="multiple-servers.html" title="5.8 Running Multiple MySQL Instances on One Machine">Section 5.8, “Running Multiple MySQL Instances on One Machine”</a>.
      </p><p>
        To invoke <a class="link" href="mysqld-multi.html" title="4.3.4 mysqld_multi — Manage Multiple MySQL Servers"><span class="command"><strong>mysqld_multi</strong></span></a>, use the following
        syntax:
      </p><pre class="programlisting copytoclipboard line-numbers language-terminal one-line"><code class="language-terminal">shell&gt; mysqld_multi [<em class="replaceable">options</em>] {start|stop|reload|report} [<em class="replaceable">GNR</em>[,<em class="replaceable">GNR</em>] ...]</code></pre><p>
        <code class="literal">start</code>, <code class="literal">stop</code>,
        <code class="literal">reload</code> (stop and restart), and
        <code class="literal">report</code> indicate which operation to perform.
        You can perform the designated operation for a single server or
        multiple servers, depending on the
        <em class="replaceable"><code>GNR</code></em> list that follows the option
        name. If there is no list, <a class="link" href="mysqld-multi.html" title="4.3.4 mysqld_multi — Manage Multiple MySQL Servers"><span class="command"><strong>mysqld_multi</strong></span></a>
        performs the operation for all servers in the option file.
      </p><p>
        Each <em class="replaceable"><code>GNR</code></em> value represents an option
        group number or range of group numbers. The value should be the
        number at the end of the group name in the option file. For
        example, the <em class="replaceable"><code>GNR</code></em> for a group named
        <code class="literal">[mysqld17]</code> is <code class="literal">17</code>. To
        specify a range of numbers, separate the first and last numbers
        by a dash. The <em class="replaceable"><code>GNR</code></em> value
        <code class="literal">10-13</code> represents groups
        <code class="literal">[mysqld10]</code> through
        <code class="literal">[mysqld13]</code>. Multiple groups or group ranges
        can be specified on the command line, separated by commas. There
        must be no whitespace characters (spaces or tabs) in the
        <em class="replaceable"><code>GNR</code></em> list; anything after a whitespace
        character is ignored.
      </p><p>
        This command starts a single server using option group
        <code class="literal">[mysqld17]</code>:
      </p><pre class="programlisting copytoclipboard line-numbers language-terminal one-line"><code class="language-terminal">shell&gt; mysqld_multi start 17</code></pre><p>
        This command stops several servers, using option groups
        <code class="literal">[mysqld8]</code> and <code class="literal">[mysqld10]</code>
        through <code class="literal">[mysqld13]</code>:
      </p><pre class="programlisting copytoclipboard line-numbers language-terminal one-line"><code class="language-terminal">shell&gt; mysqld_multi stop 8,10-13</code></pre><p>
        For an example of how you might set up an option file, use this
        command:
      </p><pre class="programlisting copytoclipboard line-numbers language-terminal one-line"><code class="language-terminal">shell&gt; mysqld_multi --example</code></pre><p>
        <a class="link" href="mysqld-multi.html" title="4.3.4 mysqld_multi — Manage Multiple MySQL Servers"><span class="command"><strong>mysqld_multi</strong></span></a> searches for option files as
        follows:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem"><p><a name="option_mysqld_multi_no-defaults"></a>
            <a class="indexterm" name="idm139663291620848"></a>

            <a class="indexterm" name="idm139663291619360"></a>

            With <a class="link" href="mysqld-multi.html#option_mysqld_multi_no-defaults"><code class="option">--no-defaults</code></a>, no
            option files are read.
          </p></li><li class="listitem"><p><a name="option_mysqld_multi_defaults-file"></a>
            <a class="indexterm" name="idm139663291615520"></a>

            <a class="indexterm" name="idm139663291614032"></a>

            With
            <a class="link" href="mysqld-multi.html#option_mysqld_multi_defaults-file"><code class="option">--defaults-file=<em class="replaceable"><code>file_name</code></em></code></a>,
            only the named file is read.
          </p></li><li class="listitem"><p><a name="option_mysqld_multi_defaults-extra-file"></a>
            <a class="indexterm" name="idm139663291609968"></a>

            <a class="indexterm" name="idm139663291608512"></a>

            Otherwise, option files in the standard list of locations
            are read, including any file named by the
            <a class="link" href="mysqld-multi.html#option_mysqld_multi_defaults-extra-file"><code class="option">--defaults-extra-file=<em class="replaceable"><code>file_name</code></em></code></a>
            option, if one is given. (If the option is given multiple
            times, the last value is used.)
</p></li></ul>
</div>
<p>
        For additional information about these and other option-file
        options, see <a class="xref" href="option-file-options.html" title="4.2.2.3 Command-Line Options that Affect Option-File Handling">Section 4.2.2.3, “Command-Line Options that Affect Option-File Handling”</a>.
      </p><p>
        Option files read are searched for
        <code class="literal">[mysqld_multi]</code> and
        <code class="literal">[mysqld<em class="replaceable"><code>N</code></em>]</code> option
        groups. The <code class="literal">[mysqld_multi]</code> group can be used
        for options to <a class="link" href="mysqld-multi.html" title="4.3.4 mysqld_multi — Manage Multiple MySQL Servers"><span class="command"><strong>mysqld_multi</strong></span></a> itself.
        <code class="literal">[mysqld<em class="replaceable"><code>N</code></em>]</code> groups
        can be used for options passed to specific
        <a class="link" href="mysqld.html" title="4.3.1 mysqld — The MySQL Server"><span class="command"><strong>mysqld</strong></span></a> instances.
      </p><p>
        The <code class="literal">[mysqld]</code> or
        <code class="literal">[mysqld_safe]</code> groups can be used for common
        options read by all instances of <a class="link" href="mysqld.html" title="4.3.1 mysqld — The MySQL Server"><span class="command"><strong>mysqld</strong></span></a> or
        <a class="link" href="mysqld-safe.html" title="4.3.2 mysqld_safe — MySQL Server Startup Script"><span class="command"><strong>mysqld_safe</strong></span></a>. You can specify a
        <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_defaults-file"><code class="option">--defaults-file=<em class="replaceable"><code>file_name</code></em></code></a>
        option to use a different configuration file for that instance,
        in which case the <code class="literal">[mysqld]</code> or
        <code class="literal">[mysqld_safe]</code> groups from that file will be
        used for that instance.
      </p><p>
        <a class="link" href="mysqld-multi.html" title="4.3.4 mysqld_multi — Manage Multiple MySQL Servers"><span class="command"><strong>mysqld_multi</strong></span></a> supports the following options.
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem"><p><a name="option_mysqld_multi_help"></a>
            <a class="indexterm" name="idm139663291586976"></a>

            <a class="indexterm" name="idm139663291585488"></a>

            <a class="link" href="mysqld-multi.html#option_mysqld_multi_help"><code class="option">--help</code></a>
          </p><p>
            Display a help message and exit.
          </p></li><li class="listitem"><p><a name="option_mysqld_multi_example"></a>
            <a class="indexterm" name="idm139663291581168"></a>

            <a class="indexterm" name="idm139663291579680"></a>

            <a class="link" href="mysqld-multi.html#option_mysqld_multi_example"><code class="option">--example</code></a>
          </p><p>
            Display a sample option file.
          </p></li><li class="listitem"><p><a name="option_mysqld_multi_log"></a>
            <a class="indexterm" name="idm139663291575424"></a>

            <a class="indexterm" name="idm139663291573968"></a>

            <a class="link" href="mysqld-multi.html#option_mysqld_multi_log"><code class="option">--log=<em class="replaceable"><code>file_name</code></em></code></a>
          </p><p>
            Specify the name of the log file. If the file exists, log
            output is appended to it.
          </p></li><li class="listitem"><p><a name="option_mysqld_multi_mysqladmin"></a>
            <a class="indexterm" name="idm139663291569408"></a>

            <a class="indexterm" name="idm139663291567920"></a>

            <a class="link" href="mysqld-multi.html#option_mysqld_multi_mysqladmin"><code class="option">--mysqladmin=<em class="replaceable"><code>prog_name</code></em></code></a>
          </p><p>
            The <a class="link" href="mysqladmin.html" title="4.5.2 mysqladmin — Client for Administering a MySQL Server"><span class="command"><strong>mysqladmin</strong></span></a> binary to be used to stop
            servers.
          </p></li><li class="listitem"><p><a name="option_mysqld_multi_mysqld"></a>
            <a class="indexterm" name="idm139663291562144"></a>

            <a class="indexterm" name="idm139663291560656"></a>

            <a class="link" href="mysqld-multi.html#option_mysqld_multi_mysqld"><code class="option">--mysqld=<em class="replaceable"><code>prog_name</code></em></code></a>
          </p><p>
            The <a class="link" href="mysqld.html" title="4.3.1 mysqld — The MySQL Server"><span class="command"><strong>mysqld</strong></span></a> binary to be used. Note that
            you can specify <a class="link" href="mysqld-safe.html" title="4.3.2 mysqld_safe — MySQL Server Startup Script"><span class="command"><strong>mysqld_safe</strong></span></a> as the value
            for this option also. If you use
            <a class="link" href="mysqld-safe.html" title="4.3.2 mysqld_safe — MySQL Server Startup Script"><span class="command"><strong>mysqld_safe</strong></span></a> to start the server, you can
            include the <code class="literal">mysqld</code> or
            <code class="literal">ledir</code> options in the corresponding
            <code class="literal">[mysqld<em class="replaceable"><code>N</code></em>]</code>
            option group. These options indicate the name of the server
            that <a class="link" href="mysqld-safe.html" title="4.3.2 mysqld_safe — MySQL Server Startup Script"><span class="command"><strong>mysqld_safe</strong></span></a> should start and the
            path name of the directory where the server is located. (See
            the descriptions for these options in
            <a class="xref" href="mysqld-safe.html" title="4.3.2 mysqld_safe — MySQL Server Startup Script">Section 4.3.2, “<span class="command"><strong>mysqld_safe</strong></span> — MySQL Server Startup Script”</a>.) Example:
          </p><pre class="programlisting copytoclipboard line-numbers language-ini"><code class="language-ini">[mysqld38]
mysqld = mysqld-debug
ledir  = /opt/local/mysql/libexec</code></pre></li><li class="listitem"><p><a name="option_mysqld_multi_no-log"></a>
            <a class="indexterm" name="idm139663291546656"></a>

            <a class="indexterm" name="idm139663291545168"></a>

            <a class="link" href="mysqld-multi.html#option_mysqld_multi_no-log"><code class="option">--no-log</code></a>
          </p><p>
            Print log information to <code class="literal">stdout</code> rather
            than to the log file. By default, output goes to the log
            file.
          </p></li><li class="listitem"><p><a name="option_mysqld_multi_password"></a>
            <a class="indexterm" name="idm139663291540128"></a>

            <a class="indexterm" name="idm139663291538640"></a>

            <a class="link" href="mysqld-multi.html#option_mysqld_multi_password"><code class="option">--password=<em class="replaceable"><code>password</code></em></code></a>
          </p><p>
            The password of the MySQL account to use when invoking
            <a class="link" href="mysqladmin.html" title="4.5.2 mysqladmin — Client for Administering a MySQL Server"><span class="command"><strong>mysqladmin</strong></span></a>. Note that the password value
            is not optional for this option, unlike for other MySQL
            programs.
          </p></li><li class="listitem"><p><a name="option_mysqld_multi_silent"></a>
            <a class="indexterm" name="idm139663291532672"></a>

            <a class="indexterm" name="idm139663291531184"></a>

            <a class="link" href="mysqld-multi.html#option_mysqld_multi_silent"><code class="option">--silent</code></a>
          </p><p>
            Silent mode; disable warnings.
          </p></li><li class="listitem"><p><a name="option_mysqld_multi_tcp-ip"></a>
            <a class="indexterm" name="idm139663291526944"></a>

            <a class="indexterm" name="idm139663291525456"></a>

            <a class="link" href="mysqld-multi.html#option_mysqld_multi_tcp-ip"><code class="option">--tcp-ip</code></a>
          </p><p>
            Connect to each MySQL server through the TCP/IP port instead
            of the Unix socket file. (If a socket file is missing, the
            server might still be running, but accessible only through
            the TCP/IP port.) By default, connections are made using the
            Unix socket file. This option affects
            <code class="literal">stop</code> and <code class="literal">report</code>
            operations.
          </p></li><li class="listitem"><p><a name="option_mysqld_multi_user"></a>
            <a class="indexterm" name="idm139663291519392"></a>

            <a class="indexterm" name="idm139663291517904"></a>

            <a class="link" href="mysqld-multi.html#option_mysqld_multi_user"><code class="option">--user=<em class="replaceable"><code>user_name</code></em></code></a>
          </p><p>
            The user name of the MySQL account to use when invoking
            <a class="link" href="mysqladmin.html" title="4.5.2 mysqladmin — Client for Administering a MySQL Server"><span class="command"><strong>mysqladmin</strong></span></a>.
          </p></li><li class="listitem"><p><a name="option_mysqld_multi_verbose"></a>
            <a class="indexterm" name="idm139663291512112"></a>

            <a class="indexterm" name="idm139663291510624"></a>

            <a class="link" href="mysqld-multi.html#option_mysqld_multi_verbose"><code class="option">--verbose</code></a>
          </p><p>
            Be more verbose.
          </p></li><li class="listitem"><p><a name="option_mysqld_multi_version"></a>
            <a class="indexterm" name="idm139663291506384"></a>

            <a class="indexterm" name="idm139663291504896"></a>

            <a class="link" href="mysqld-multi.html#option_mysqld_multi_version"><code class="option">--version</code></a>
          </p><p>
            Display version information and exit.
</p></li></ul>
</div>
<p>
        Some notes about <a class="link" href="mysqld-multi.html" title="4.3.4 mysqld_multi — Manage Multiple MySQL Servers"><span class="command"><strong>mysqld_multi</strong></span></a>:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem"><p>
            <span class="bold"><strong>Most important</strong></span>: Before
            using <a class="link" href="mysqld-multi.html" title="4.3.4 mysqld_multi — Manage Multiple MySQL Servers"><span class="command"><strong>mysqld_multi</strong></span></a> be sure that you
            understand the meanings of the options that are passed to
            the <a class="link" href="mysqld.html" title="4.3.1 mysqld — The MySQL Server"><span class="command"><strong>mysqld</strong></span></a> servers and
            <span class="emphasis"><em>why</em></span> you would want to have separate
            <a class="link" href="mysqld.html" title="4.3.1 mysqld — The MySQL Server"><span class="command"><strong>mysqld</strong></span></a> processes. Beware of the dangers
            of using multiple <a class="link" href="mysqld.html" title="4.3.1 mysqld — The MySQL Server"><span class="command"><strong>mysqld</strong></span></a> servers with the
            same data directory. Use separate data directories, unless
            you <span class="emphasis"><em>know</em></span> what you are doing. Starting
            multiple servers with the same data directory does
            <span class="emphasis"><em>not</em></span> give you extra performance in a
            threaded system. See <a class="xref" href="multiple-servers.html" title="5.8 Running Multiple MySQL Instances on One Machine">Section 5.8, “Running Multiple MySQL Instances on One Machine”</a>.
</p>
<div class="important" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">

<div class="admon-title">
Important
</div>
<p>
              Make sure that the data directory for each server is fully
              accessible to the Unix account that the specific
              <a class="link" href="mysqld.html" title="4.3.1 mysqld — The MySQL Server"><span class="command"><strong>mysqld</strong></span></a> process is started as.
              <span class="emphasis"><em>Do not</em></span> use the Unix
              <em class="replaceable"><code>root</code></em> account for this, unless
              you <span class="emphasis"><em>know</em></span> what you are doing. See
              <a class="xref" href="changing-mysql-user.html" title="6.1.5 How to Run MySQL as a Normal User">Section 6.1.5, “How to Run MySQL as a Normal User”</a>.
</p>
</div>
</li><li class="listitem"><p>
            Make sure that the MySQL account used for stopping the
            <a class="link" href="mysqld.html" title="4.3.1 mysqld — The MySQL Server"><span class="command"><strong>mysqld</strong></span></a> servers (with the
            <a class="link" href="mysqladmin.html" title="4.5.2 mysqladmin — Client for Administering a MySQL Server"><span class="command"><strong>mysqladmin</strong></span></a> program) has the same user
            name and password for each server. Also, make sure that the
            account has the <a class="link" href="privileges-provided.html#priv_shutdown"><code class="literal">SHUTDOWN</code></a>
            privilege. If the servers that you want to manage have
            different user names or passwords for the administrative
            accounts, you might want to create an account on each server
            that has the same user name and password. For example, you
            might set up a common <code class="literal">multi_admin</code> account
            by executing the following commands for each server:
          </p><pre class="programlisting copytoclipboard line-numbers language-terminal"><code class="language-terminal">shell&gt; mysql -u root -S /tmp/mysql.sock -p
Enter password:
mysql&gt; CREATE USER 'multi_admin'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'multipass';
mysql&gt; GRANT SHUTDOWN ON *.* TO 'multi_admin'@'localhost';</code></pre><p>
            See <a class="xref" href="access-control.html" title="6.2 Access Control and Account Management">Section 6.2, “Access Control and Account Management”</a>. You have to do this
            for each <a class="link" href="mysqld.html" title="4.3.1 mysqld — The MySQL Server"><span class="command"><strong>mysqld</strong></span></a> server. Change the
            connection parameters appropriately when connecting to each
            one. Note that the host name part of the account name must
            permit you to connect as <code class="literal">multi_admin</code> from
            the host where you want to run
            <a class="link" href="mysqld-multi.html" title="4.3.4 mysqld_multi — Manage Multiple MySQL Servers"><span class="command"><strong>mysqld_multi</strong></span></a>.
          </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
            The Unix socket file and the TCP/IP port number must be
            different for every <a class="link" href="mysqld.html" title="4.3.1 mysqld — The MySQL Server"><span class="command"><strong>mysqld</strong></span></a>.
            (Alternatively, if the host has multiple network addresses,
            you can set the
            <a class="link" href="server-system-variables.html#sysvar_bind_address"><code class="literal">bind_address</code></a> system
            variable to cause different servers to listen to different
            interfaces.)
          </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
            The <a class="link" href="mysqld-safe.html#option_mysqld_safe_pid-file"><code class="option">--pid-file</code></a> option is
            very important if you are using
            <a class="link" href="mysqld-safe.html" title="4.3.2 mysqld_safe — MySQL Server Startup Script"><span class="command"><strong>mysqld_safe</strong></span></a> to start
            <a class="link" href="mysqld.html" title="4.3.1 mysqld — The MySQL Server"><span class="command"><strong>mysqld</strong></span></a> (for example,
            <a class="link" href="mysqld-safe.html#option_mysqld_safe_mysqld"><code class="option">--mysqld=mysqld_safe</code></a>)
            Every <a class="link" href="mysqld.html" title="4.3.1 mysqld — The MySQL Server"><span class="command"><strong>mysqld</strong></span></a> should have its own process
            ID file. The advantage of using
            <a class="link" href="mysqld-safe.html" title="4.3.2 mysqld_safe — MySQL Server Startup Script"><span class="command"><strong>mysqld_safe</strong></span></a> instead of
            <a class="link" href="mysqld.html" title="4.3.1 mysqld — The MySQL Server"><span class="command"><strong>mysqld</strong></span></a> is that
            <a class="link" href="mysqld-safe.html" title="4.3.2 mysqld_safe — MySQL Server Startup Script"><span class="command"><strong>mysqld_safe</strong></span></a> monitors its
            <a class="link" href="mysqld.html" title="4.3.1 mysqld — The MySQL Server"><span class="command"><strong>mysqld</strong></span></a> process and restarts it if the
            process terminates due to a signal sent using <code class="literal">kill
            -9</code> or for other reasons, such as a segmentation
            fault.
          </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
            You might want to use the
            <a class="link" href="server-options.html#option_mysqld_user"><code class="option">--user</code></a> option for
            <a class="link" href="mysqld.html" title="4.3.1 mysqld — The MySQL Server"><span class="command"><strong>mysqld</strong></span></a>, but to do this you need to run
            the <a class="link" href="mysqld-multi.html" title="4.3.4 mysqld_multi — Manage Multiple MySQL Servers"><span class="command"><strong>mysqld_multi</strong></span></a> script as the Unix
            superuser (<code class="literal">root</code>). Having the option in
            the option file doesn't matter; you just get a warning if
            you are not the superuser and the <a class="link" href="mysqld.html" title="4.3.1 mysqld — The MySQL Server"><span class="command"><strong>mysqld</strong></span></a>
            processes are started under your own Unix account.
</p></li></ul>
</div>
<p>
        The following example shows how you might set up an option file
        for use with <a class="link" href="mysqld-multi.html" title="4.3.4 mysqld_multi — Manage Multiple MySQL Servers"><span class="command"><strong>mysqld_multi</strong></span></a>. The order in which
        the <a class="link" href="mysqld.html" title="4.3.1 mysqld — The MySQL Server"><span class="command"><strong>mysqld</strong></span></a> programs are started or stopped
        depends on the order in which they appear in the option file.
        Group numbers need not form an unbroken sequence. The first and
        fifth <code class="literal">[mysqld<em class="replaceable"><code>N</code></em>]</code>
        groups were intentionally omitted from the example to illustrate
        that you can have <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">gaps</span>”</span> in the option file. This
        gives you more flexibility.
      </p><pre class="programlisting copytoclipboard line-numbers language-ini"><code class="language-ini"># This is an example of a my.cnf file for mysqld_multi.
# Usually this file is located in home dir ~/.my.cnf or /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld_multi]
mysqld     = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe
mysqladmin = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin
user       = multi_admin
password   = my_password

[mysqld2]
socket     = /tmp/mysql.sock2
port       = 3307
pid-file   = /usr/local/mysql/data2/hostname.pid2
datadir    = /usr/local/mysql/data2
language   = /usr/local/mysql/share/mysql/english
user       = unix_user1

[mysqld3]
mysqld     = /path/to/mysqld_safe
ledir      = /path/to/mysqld-binary/
mysqladmin = /path/to/mysqladmin
socket     = /tmp/mysql.sock3
port       = 3308
pid-file   = /usr/local/mysql/data3/hostname.pid3
datadir    = /usr/local/mysql/data3
language   = /usr/local/mysql/share/mysql/swedish
user       = unix_user2

[mysqld4]
socket     = /tmp/mysql.sock4
port       = 3309
pid-file   = /usr/local/mysql/data4/hostname.pid4
datadir    = /usr/local/mysql/data4
language   = /usr/local/mysql/share/mysql/estonia
user       = unix_user3

[mysqld6]
socket     = /tmp/mysql.sock6
port       = 3311
pid-file   = /usr/local/mysql/data6/hostname.pid6
datadir    = /usr/local/mysql/data6
language   = /usr/local/mysql/share/mysql/japanese
user       = unix_user4</code></pre><p>
        See <a class="xref" href="option-files.html" title="4.2.2.2 Using Option Files">Section 4.2.2.2, “Using Option Files”</a>.
</p>
</div>

<br />
        </div>

                <div id="docs-in-page-nav-container">
            <div id="docs-in-page-nav">
                
    <a href="mysql-server.html"
        aria-label="Previous" title="Previous: mysql.server — MySQL Server Startup Script"><span
        class="icon-chevron-left"></span> PREV</a> &nbsp;
<a href="index.html" aria-label="Start" title="Start"> HOME</a> &nbsp;
        <a aria-label="Up" href="programs-server.html" title="Up: MySQL Server and Server-Startup Programs"> UP</a> &nbsp;
    <a href="programs-installation.html" aria-label="Next"
        title="Next: MySQL Installation-Related Programs">NEXT <span
        class="icon-chevron-right"></span></a>
            </div>
        </div>
        
         <div id="docs-body-extra">
             
<a class="docs-sidebar-section" href=""><span class="icon-related"></span>
    <span class="text">Related Documentation</span></a>
<div class="docs-sidebar-accordian">
    <div class="text">
        <a href="/doc/relnotes/mysql/8.0/en/">MySQL 8.0 Release Notes</a><br />
        <a href="/doc/dev/mysql-server/latest/">MySQL 8.0 Source Code Documentation</a><br />
        </div>
</div>

    <a class="docs-sidebar-section" href=""><span class="icon-download-thin"></span>
        <span class="text">
            Download
                            this Manual
                    </span>
    </a>
    <div class="docs-sidebar-accordian">
        <div class="text">
                        <a href="https://downloads.mysql.com/docs/refman-8.0-en.pdf">PDF (US Ltr)</a>
            - 46.1Mb<br />
                        <a href="https://downloads.mysql.com/docs/refman-8.0-en.a4.pdf">PDF (A4)</a>
            - 46.1Mb<br />
                        <a href="https://downloads.mysql.com/docs/mysql-ref-manual-8.0-en-pdf-1-20190611.noarch.rpm">PDF (RPM)</a>
            - 41.5Mb<br />
                        <a href="https://downloads.mysql.com/docs/refman-8.0-en.html-chapter.tar.gz">HTML Download (TGZ)</a>
            - 10.6Mb<br />
                        <a href="https://downloads.mysql.com/docs/refman-8.0-en.html-chapter.zip">HTML Download (Zip)</a>
            - 10.6Mb<br />
                        <a href="https://downloads.mysql.com/docs/mysql-ref-manual-8.0-en-html-chapter-1-20190611.noarch.rpm">HTML Download (RPM)</a>
            - 9.1Mb<br />
                        <a href="https://downloads.mysql.com/docs/refman-8.0-en.man-gpl.tar.gz">Man Pages (TGZ)</a>
            - 220.4Kb<br />
                        <a href="https://downloads.mysql.com/docs/refman-8.0-en.man-gpl.zip">Man Pages (Zip)</a>
            - 325.8Kb<br />
                        <a href="https://downloads.mysql.com/docs/mysql-8.0.info.gz">Info (Gzip)</a>
            - 4.1Mb<br />
                        <a href="https://downloads.mysql.com/docs/mysql-8.0.info.zip">Info (Zip)</a>
            - 4.1Mb<br />
                    </div>
    </div>

<a class="docs-sidebar-section" href=""><span class="icon-book"></span>
    <span class="text">Excerpts from this Manual</span></a>
<div class="docs-sidebar-accordian">
    <div class="text">
                <a href="/doc/mysql-backup-excerpt/8.0/en/">MySQL Backup and Recovery</a><br />
                <a href="/doc/mysql-g11n-excerpt/8.0/en/">MySQL Globalization</a><br />
                <a href="/doc/mysql-infoschema-excerpt/8.0/en/">MySQL Information Schema</a><br />
                <a href="/doc/mysql-installation-excerpt/8.0/en/">MySQL Installation Guide</a><br />
                <a href="/doc/mysql-security-excerpt/8.0/en/">Security in MySQL</a><br />
                <a href="/doc/mysql-startstop-excerpt/8.0/en/">Starting and Stopping MySQL</a><br />
                <a href="/doc/mysql-linuxunix-excerpt/8.0/en/">MySQL and Linux/Unix</a><br />
                <a href="/doc/mysql-windows-excerpt/8.0/en/">MySQL and Windows</a><br />
                <a href="/doc/mysql-osx-excerpt/8.0/en/">MySQL and OS X</a><br />
                <a href="/doc/mysql-solaris-excerpt/8.0/en/">MySQL and Solaris</a><br />
                <a href="/doc/mysql-sourcebuild-excerpt/8.0/en/">Building MySQL from Source</a><br />
                <a href="/doc/mysql-reslimits-excerpt/8.0/en/">MySQL Restrictions and Limitations</a><br />
                <a href="/doc/mysql-partitioning-excerpt/8.0/en/">MySQL Partitioning</a><br />
                <a href="/doc/mysql-secure-deployment-guide/8.0/en/">MySQL Secure Deployment Guide</a><br />
                <a href="/doc/mysql-tutorial-excerpt/8.0/en/">MySQL Tutorial</a><br />
                <a href="/doc/mysql-perfschema-excerpt/8.0/en/">MySQL Performance Schema</a><br />
                <a href="/doc/mysql-replication-excerpt/8.0/en/">MySQL Replication</a><br />
                <a href="/doc/mysql-repo-excerpt/8.0/en/">Using the MySQL Yum Repository</a><br />
            </div>
</div>
         </div>

                     
<div id="docs-comments">
    <div class="docs-comments-header"><span class="icon-bubbles"></span> User Comments</div>

    <div class="docs-comments-disclaimer">
        User comments in this section are, as the name implies, provided by MySQL users.
        The MySQL documentation team is not responsible for, nor do they endorse, any of
        the information provided here.
    </div>

    <div id="comment-listing">
    
                    <div class="docs-comment-item" id="c15474">
            <div class="docs-comment-item-header">
                                <span class="icon-chatbubble"></span> &nbsp;
                Posted by
                <span class="docs-comment-name">
                                    华 姜
                                </span>
                on
                April 24, 2018
                                </div>
                            <div class="docs-comment-item-edit"></div>
                <div class="docs-comment-item-text">
                    #!/bin/bash<br />if [ &quot;X&quot;$1 == &quot;X&quot; ] ; then <br />  if [ &quot;X&quot;${MYSQL_SID} == &quot;X&quot; ] ; then <br />    echo &quot;Error , no set MYSQL_SID environment variable.&quot;<br />    exit;<br />  fi<br />else <br />  MYSQL_SID=$1;<br />fi<br /><br /># 检查 MYSQL_SID 是否和实例的实际目录对应<br />MYSQL_SID_DIR=$(cd `dirname $0`;pwd)<br />CHECK_MYSQL_SID=`echo $MYSQL_SID_DIR|grep $MYSQL_SID|grep -v grep |wc -l`<br />echo $MYSQL_SID_DIR<br /><br />if [ $CHECK_MYSQL_SID -ne 1 ] ; then <br />  echo &quot;Error: MYSQL_SID is wrong.&quot;<br />  exit;<br />fi<br /><br />mysqld_multi --defaults-file=/$MYSQL_SID/conf/my.cnf start 1<br />
                </div>
                    </div>
                </div>

</div>
              </div>
     </div>

</div>

<script>
$(function() {
    var doc = new $.doc({ 'mobile': $.browser.mobile, 'docId': 1, 'highlight': true });
});
</script>
    

            
        </div>
    </div>

    <footer class="collapsed">
        <div id="footer-bottom">
                                    <div id="footer-collapse">
                <a href="" id="expand-footer"
                    aria-label="Expand Footer"
                    title="Expand Footer"><span
                    class="icon-plus-square"></span></a>
            </div>
                        <div class="footer-contact">
                <div id="footer-contact-icon" style="display: none;">
                    <span class="icon-call-phone"></span>
                </div>
                <div id="footer-contact-numbers" style="display: none;">
                    <strong>Contact MySQL Sales</strong><br/>
                    USA/Canada: +1-866-221-0634 &nbsp;
                    (<a href="https://www.mysql.com/about/contact/phone/">More Countries &raquo;</a>)
                </div>
                <div id="footer-contact-copyright" style="display: inline-block;">
                    <a href="http://www.oracle.com/" aria-label="Oracle" title="Oracle"><span class="oracle-logo"></span></a>
                    &nbsp; &copy; 2019, Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="social-icons">
                <a aria-label="Join us on Facebook" title="Join us on Facebook" href="http://www.facebook.com/mysql"><span class="icon-facebook-square"></span></a>
                <a aria-label="Follow us on Twitter" title="Follow us on Twitter" href="https://twitter.com/mysql"><span class="icon-twitter-square"></span></a>
                <a aria-label="Follow us on LinkedIn" title="Follow us on LinkedIn" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/mysql"><span class="icon-linkedin-square"></span></a>
                <a aria-label="Visit our YouTube channel" title="Visit our YouTube channel" href="http://www.youtube.com/mysqlchannel"><span class="icon-youtube-square"></span></a>
            </div>
            <br class="clear" />
        </div>
        <div id="footer-links">

            <div id="footer-nav"></div>

            <div class="links">
                <ul>
                    <li class="top"><a href="https://www.mysql.com/products/">Products</a></li>
                    <li><a href="https://www.mysql.com/cloud/">Oracle MySQL Cloud Service</a></li>
                    <li><a href="https://www.mysql.com/products/enterprise/">MySQL Enterprise Edition</a></li>
                    <li><a href="https://www.mysql.com/products/standard/">MySQL Standard Edition</a></li>
                    <li><a href="https://www.mysql.com/products/classic/">MySQL Classic Edition</a></li>
                    <li><a href="https://www.mysql.com/products/cluster/">MySQL Cluster CGE</a></li>
                    <li><a href="https://www.mysql.com/oem/">MySQL Embedded (OEM/ISV)</a></li>
                </ul>
            </div>

            <div class="links">
                <ul>
                    <li class="top"><a href="https://www.mysql.com/services/">Services</a></li>
                    <li><a href="https://www.mysql.com/training/">Training</a></li>
                    <li><a href="https://www.mysql.com/certification/">Certification</a></li>
                    <li><a href="https://www.mysql.com/consulting/">Consulting</a></li>
                    <li><a href="https://www.mysql.com/support/">Support</a></li>
                </ul>
            </div>

            <div class="links">
                <ul>
                    <li class="top"><a href="https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/">Downloads</a></li>
                    <li><a href="https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/">MySQL Community Server</a></li>
                    <li><a href="https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/cluster/">MySQL NDB Cluster</a></li>
                    <li><a href="https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/shell/">MySQL Shell</a></li>
                    <li><a href="https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/router/">MySQL Router</a></li>
                    <li><a href="https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/workbench/">MySQL Workbench</a></li>
                </ul>
            </div>

            <div class="links">
                <ul>
                    <li class="top"><a href="https://dev.mysql.com/doc/">Documentation</a></li>
                    <li><a href="https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/">MySQL Reference Manual</a></li>
                    <li><a href="https://dev.mysql.com/doc/workbench/en/">MySQL Workbench</a></li>
                    <li><a href="https://dev.mysql.com/doc/index-cluster.html">MySQL NDB Cluster</a></li>
                    <li><a href="https://dev.mysql.com/doc/index-connectors.html">MySQL Connectors</a></li>
                    <li><a href="https://dev.mysql.com/doc/#topic">Topic Guides</a></li>
                </ul>
            </div>

            <div class="links">
                <ul>
                    <li class="top"><a href="https://www.mysql.com/about/">About MySQL</a></li>
                    <li><a href="https://www.mysql.com/about/contact/">Contact Us</a></li>
                                                            <li><a href="https://www.mysql.com/buy-mysql/">How to Buy</a></li>
                    <li><a href="https://www.mysql.com/partners/">Partners</a></li>
                    <li><a href="https://www.mysql.com/about/jobs/">Job Opportunities</a></li>
                    <li><a href="https://www.mysql.com/sitemap.html">Site Map</a></li>
                </ul>
            </div>

            
            <div id="footer-logo">
                <a href="http://www.oracle.com/" aria-label="Oracle" title="Oracle"><span class="oracle-logo"></span></a>
                &nbsp; &copy; 2019, Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates
                <div class="footer-legal-links">
                    <a href="https://www.mysql.com/about/legal/">Legal Policies</a> |
                    <a href="http://www.oracle.com/us/legal/privacy/index.htm">Your Privacy Rights</a> |
                    <a href="http://www.oracle.com/us/legal/terms/index.html">Terms of Use</a> |
                    <a href="http://www.oracle.com/us/legal/third-party-trademarks/index.html">Trademark Policy</a> |
                    <a href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/community/oca-486395.html">Contributor Agreement</a> |
                    <div id="teconsent" style="display: inline-block"><script async="async" type="text/javascript" src="js/notice.js" crossorigin=""></script></div>
                </div>
            </div>

        </div>
    </footer>
</div>

        <script src="js/s_code_remote.js"></script>

        
    
</body>
</html>
